Cloud Computing: Cost Effective Of Effect-Less Computing

Abstract The paper is a brief introduction of the cloud computing perspective for the coming future in which the enterprise level computing is set to a very small cost effective computation in which the cost of establishment is reduced by a huge factor. In the paperthe basic introduction of the Cloud Computing, modals,charactersticks, architecture , elements , security ,features , technologies , difference between cloud and grid , problems in cloud , issues , difficulties , effects ,objectives , essentials , and some case studies on cloudcomputing is given. The conclusion is highlighted which yields a much more secure and cost effective paradigmcalled as Cloud for effective computation and a distributed application based on a very small investment from large enterprises thereby reducing the bulk cost and pricing of are extended to be accessible through the Internet. The cloud applications use large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web services. Anyone with a suitable Internet connection and a standard browser can access a cloud application. A cloud is a pool of virtualized computer resources. Which can perform the following task as :

Host a variety of different workloads, including batch-style back-end jobs and interactive, userfacing applications
2.     Allow workloads to be deployed and scaled-out quickly through the rapid provisioning of virtual machines or physical machines
3.     Support redundant, self-recovering, highly scalable programming models that allow workloads to recover from many unavoidable hardware/software failures
4.     Monitor resource use in real time to enable rebalancing of allocations when needed.
Cloud Computing + Open Source (free) = Scalable Cheap Infrastructure! “What I want is a robust, high performance virtual relational database that runs transparently over a cluster, nodes dropping in and out of service at will, read-write replication and data migration all done automatically. I want to be able to install a database on a server cloud and use it like it was all running on one machine.” --Greg Linden’s blog, 2006
Providing services on virtual machines allocated on top of a large physical machine pool A method to address scalability and availability concerns for large scale applications Cloud computing is a term used to describe both a platform and type of application. A cloud computing platform dynamically provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Servers in the cloud can be physical machines or virtual machines. Advanced clouds typically include other computing resources such as storage area networks (SANs), network equipment, firewall and other security devices. Cloud computing also describes applications that a computing style in which the IT enabled services is given as a service on the network and not the service as a whole.

It is more a specialization concept for the complete generalized mode of working for the system.
Modals Used for Cloud Computing:
i.    Acquisition Modal :Service based modal: Only the result is needed and not the implementation logic.
ii.    Busines s Modal Usage Modal: Pay for what we want to use and pay for as much as we use.
iii.    Access Modal: Connectivity Modal: Access services wherever we want and with any device
iv.    Technical Modal: Flexibility Modal: Increase or decrease as per the demand
Characteristics:
a. Self Service and rich user experience
b. Increased System usage
c. Automated request and fulfillment
d. Rapid service
e. Massive scaling of services
f. Utility based usage matrices
g. Modular services based on domain
h. Shared services in trusted domains
What empowers the Cloud:
a.    Data Intensive applications
b.    Data center pressures
c.    Increased network capability and availability
d.    Shared services in business domains
e.    Rising energy cost
f.    Innovation and collaboration
Software as a service can be used:
a.    Computer applications accessed directly over the internet
b.    No installation on local desktops or data center servers
c.    Applications available on demand on a subscription basis

Examples :
i) Online Project management tools – Clarizen
ii) Human resource applications – Salesforce, Employease, Zoho
iii)IBM Bluehouse – Web based social  networking and collaboration service for business
iv)Online office applications – Google Docs, Blist, Slide Rocket
v)Documents can be recalled, shared or worked on from any computing device CLOUD
Cloud delivery modal:
i) Enterprise Internal Cloud : In this mode Security Clouds services are delivered behind a firewall and safe transaction takes place.
ii) Public Cloud : Cloud Services delivered over the internet.
iii)Hybrid Cloud : Combination of above two services.

Elements in the cloud computing environment:
1. Service Creator
2. Service Catalogue Manager
3. Service Subscriber
4. Service Delivery Manager
5. Administrator
6. Service Consumer
7. Definition/Offering/Subscriptio/Production/Consumption/Termination
Security in Cloud Computing
1. Authentication and role-based access control Federated Identity including single sign-on
2. Isolation Management Server, Storage and Network
3. Security for Image Management Security Metadata, Access Control, Authorization
4. Integrity management Virtual Image integrity
5. Risk and Compliance
Clouds Created and implemented by IBM
1. Service Management for Cloud Computing
2. Tivoli Service Automation Management
(TSAM)
3. Self-enablement Portal
4. Virtual Infrastructure Access
5. Scale out File Services
6. IBM security solutions for cloud computing
7. Virtual workplace continuity
•    Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) – Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud
•    Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – Rent processing, storage, network
capacity, and other fundamental computing resources In today's global competitive market, companies must innovate and get the most from its resources to succeed. This requires enabling its employees, business partners, and users with the platforms and collaboration tools that promote innovation. Cloud computing infrastructures are next generation platforms that can provide tremendous value to companies of any size. They can help companies achieve more efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments and provide a means to accelerate the adoption of innovations. Cloud computing increases profitability by improving resource utilization. Costs are driven down by delivering appropriate resources only for the time those resources are needed. Cloud computing has enabled teams and organizations to streamline lengthy procurement processes. Cloud computing enables innovation by alleviating the need of innovators to find resources to develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user community. Innovators are free to focus on the innovation rather than the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable the innovation.

BENEFITS OF CLOUDCOMPUTING FOR THIN CLIENTS
1. With traditional desktop computing, we run copies of software programs on our own computer. The documents we create are stored on our own pc.
2. Although documents can be accessed from other computers on the network, they can’t be accessed by computers outside the network. This is PC-centric.
3. With cloud computing, the software programs one use aren’t run from one’s personal computer, but are rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet.
4. If a computer crashes, the software is still available for others to use. Same goes for the documents one create; they’re stored on a collection of servers accessed via the Internet.
5. Anyone with permission can not only access the documents, but can also edit and collaborate on those documents in real time. Unlike traditional computing, this cloud computing model isn’t PC-centric, it’s document-centric.
Conclusion:
In this paper we have supported the view that the cloud computing scenario is the future of next generation  of computation and we are strongly supporting the platform despite of all the anomalies that the cloud platform can face but still organizations life IBMand Amazon are
supporting th cloud computing paradigm. Thus it is obviously the better solution over effective and cost efficient computing.
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